学会誌「EICA」

[特集] バイオアッセイを用いた環境分析・計測の動向

内容

バイオアッセイ

巻

9巻1号2004年

Page

2

題名

バイオアッセイを用いた環境分析・計測の動向

Title

Environmental Instrumentation of Bioassay: a Comprehensive Review

著者

庄司　良 (東京工業高等専門学校)，迫田章義 (東京大学生産技術研究所)

Authors

著者表記

Author attribution

著者勤務先名

Office name

著者所属名

キーワード

Key Words

　Bioassay, Environment, Monitoring, Waste

概要

本稿ではバイオアッセイの種類を生態系影響評価のためのバイオアッセイに限定して論点を絞り，環境汚染の生態系全体に対する有害性を評価するために，どのようなバイオアッセイをどのように組み合わせるべきかについて，最新の研究の動向を紹介するとともに，今後適用可能性が模索されつつある固形試料のバイオアッセイのあり方について議論する．

Abstract

　　Bioassay, directly based on evaluating toxicity e.ects on organisms,
can re.ect the cumulative
and synergistic e.ects of all the chemicals including unknown in environment. Among
various bioassays, rapid and simple bioassay for detecting toxicity must be developed in very
near future. We expect them to be employed in the future in environmental risk management
alongside chemical analysis. The Japanese Ministry of Environment has been supporting
multi-center validation projects, aimed at assembling bioassay results based on over 20
kinds of bioassays. To examine the applicability of various bioassays in the practical use
in environment, cost, simplicity, rapidity and sensitivity of each bioassay are also compared
with each other. The feasibility of cost-e.ective bioassays to evaluate the toxicity of environmental
water or waste material has been found. For evaluating the toxicity of solid
materials, such as solid wastes and polluted soils, leaching test and chemical analysis, which
aimed to decrease toxicity mainly in heavy metals, are conducted to estimate the impact
on environment. From a view of whole toxic evaluation, no bioassay and leaching test were
standardized for the waste management in Japan, and no system is available to evaluate the
toxicity in order to reduce toxic substances. More detailed methodology and technology on
bioassay should be developed to evaluate the toxicity of all the environment using bioassays.